Where Will Housing Go From Here?

Existing home sales fell 5.9% in July, the sixth consecutive month of declines as higher interest rates weigh on housing affordability and prospective buyers. As the housing market slowed, so did prices. The median price for a single family home was $410,600, a decline of roughly $10,000 from June. However, homes do not stay on the market long. Over the last two months, homes were on the market for an average of only 14 days, three days shorter than a year ago.

EXISTING HOME SALES PLUMMET BUT INVENTORY STAYS LOW

Existing home sales fell 5.9% in July, the largest one month decline since February and the sixth straight contraction. Contract closings fell to an annualized 4.81 million, the lowest level since May 2020 [Figure 1]. Outside of the onset of the pandemic, July levels were the lowest since late 2015 when the real estate market was recovering from the Great Financial Crisis.

Although the rate of sales is slowing dramatically, the market is still short on supply of homes. At the current sales rate, it would take roughly three months to clear inventory [Figure 2]. As supply remains tight, homes are selling quickly and still at elevated prices. In July, the average existing home for sale was on the market for only 14 days, three days shorter than a year ago.

TRAFFIC OF PROSPECTIVE BUYERS FELL

Forward-looking indicators suggest that the housing slowdown has more to go. The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) index, another important housing metric, fell in August to below 50 for the first time since May 2020. Traffic of prospective buyers, a leading indicator of future sales, also fell to its lowest since May 2020. At this rate, home sales will likely continue to slow and residential investment could turn out to be a drag on Q3 economic growth. Given the lag between Federal Reserve (Fed) policy and the real economy, we have not likely seen the bottom in the housing market.

REGIONAL DIFFERENCES ARE PROFOUND

Regional variations abound in both the soft survey data of the NAHB index and in the hard data of existing home sales. For NAHB, the regional divergence widened in August. The South is the only region above the breakeven level of 50 as households pursue areas with lower costs of living. Sustained inflation makes consumers increasingly sensitive to high prices and more likely to move to regions with lower costs of living if they can conserve disposable income.

Sales of existing home in the West were hit hard in July. Outside of the pandemic, the rate of sales were close to sales rates in 2007 and 2008, when the economy was in the depths of a housing crisis [Figure 3]. In this current case, the problem is not in credit markets but in the great reshuffling of households as the hybrid work environment takes hold and workers are looking for more square footage for home offices.

CONCLUSION

The domestic economy will likely experience more declines in housing, yet this environment is very different from the Great Financial Crisis. The banking sector is better capitalized, we do not see a “Lehman moment” lurking, and homeowners are generally not under water with loan-to-value metrics. The potential risks are the Fed overtightens, consumer incomes fall as the job market weakens, and inflation does not cool as much as the market expects. A slowing housing market could also impact consumer spending through secondary wealth effects.

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